Development Of Abstract Painting In The Previous Century.

In the sum of factors (the invention of photography, scientific and quasi-scientific theories of color and light, etc.), identifying the main vector of changes in the arts – the movement from naturalism to abstraction, individualization of creativity – turning it into a direct projection of personality – takes the first place.

Direct projection of temperament – gestural painting – was born in America. The victory of the new art in America may seem surprising, if we recall about the perturbation of Americans that first saw a large exhibition of European avant-garde in 1913. In wartime and postwar years Americans have seen that investment in art is reliable and profitable. Those who realized in time the yield of Modern Art got a chance to fabulously rich (Peggy Guggenheim, Betty Parsons and others). Almost all the classics of European avant-garde were in the position of immigrants during the war in the U.S. The most famous of American abstract painters – are Pollock, a learner of Mondrian, and his success – is a success of Betty Parson’s Gallery.

In the early 1960′s in an abstract art in an updated form back from America to Europe. “This is a discovery – wrote K. Millet, – for those who had not still fully developed his artistic credo … At first an abstract art (mostly American) is studied on reproduction”.

Polycentric state of the art space assumes an autonomous existence of a strong creative personality, which is capable to adopt his own style, technique, the direction (recall that in the 50 years it worked the greatest masters of the first echelon of the avant-garde – Matisse, Derain A., J. Braque, Picasso and others).

In the second half of the 50′s there is the first abstract sculpture, equipped with “electronic brain», – Cysp I of Nicolas Schaeffer. This time one of the isolated areas of abstract art – op-art appears.

At the same time, almost simultaneously in Britain and the U.S., there are first collages using mass labels of products, photographs, reproductions and similar items of the new style of pop art. Against this background, the success of modest expressionist Bernard Buffet seems unexpected. His stylistics (distinctness of forms, balanced composition) correlate with such events as Fall of Icarus by Picasso in the palace of UNESCO, abstract paintings F. Hundertwasser, monumental style K. Klapek, monochrome designs of M.E Vieira da Silva.

The art of 60′s – is an explosion of innovation and a final recognition by museums various non-traditional events that have appeared in the 50′s.

The famous New York School of painting, which became supreme authority in his field in the 50′s, started with an address to the abstraction of its founders: John Pollock, Rothko, and U. Kooning. Until the second half of the 40′s American art remained undistinguished. Its provincialism and conservatism did not contain anything specific, except for a certain restraint, coldness and austerity. The last one is the legacy of Puritanism; it found out in the style of abstract expressionism.

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