Landscape As A Kind Of Painting.

Landscape – is a kind of painting dealing with images of nature with the transfer of mood that is wafted by their contemplation. The main areas of landscape painting: 1) romantic – the subjective experience of the artist are in the first place: religious feeling, ecstasy before the beauty of the nature – here is some embellished reality, 2) realistic and naturalistic – calm and truthful rendering of natural tones and colors 3) impressionism 4) stylized landscape.

The landscape includes some basic elements: earth’s surface, vegetation and human structures, the prospect of the species.

The picture may also include: reservoir (lakes, seas, and rivers), fauna, people, light.

The first landscapes appeared in the Neolithic period, when in the art imagination of the laws of the life began to embody, there are cosmological compositions, including the symbols of the sky, the light of the world.

The landscape takes an exceptionally important position as an independent genre of painting in medieval China, where the eternally renewed nature was considered the most vivid embodiment of universal law (Dao).

In the 13-15 centuries in Western European art the trends to the sensually persuasive interpretation of the world leaded to the fact that the landscape began to be comprehend as a fundamentally important part of the spiritual atmosphere of the composition. Conditional (gold or ornamental) backgrounds are replaced by scenic backgrounds, often growing to the size of the general panorama of the world

In the art of the Renaissance it was formed the prerequisites for the emergence of an independent genre of landscape, emerging first in the graphics and in small oil paintings, where the image of nature was either the sole content of the picture, or dominated completely over estimates of the foreground.

A qualitatively new stage was opened by the compositions of F. Guardi, standing out by virtuoso playing of light and moist air. Species landscape also plays a crucial role in making the landscape in the countries where up to 18 century it was not an independent landscape genre.

At the end of 18 – the first half of 19 centuries the romantic tendencies are dominated in the landscape. Romantics brought together the life of the human soul with the life of nature, seeing in the return to the natural environment the remedy for correction of moral and social shortcomings.

Representatives of realistic landscape of the middle and second half of 19 century seek to show the inner dignity of nature through the disclosure of objective fact of processes occurring in it.

The landscape takes the dominating role at the masters of Impressionism, considering the work in the open air a prerequisite condition for creating of landscape image.

In the 20th century the masters of Fauvism with the help of joyful or dramatically intense color harmonies emphasize the decorative quality and dynamic tension of the landscape. Attraction to the deformation of landscape images appears, often transforming the landscape into a pretext for the abstract constructs, in a kind of transitional link to abstract art.

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