Stages Of Development Of Painting.

Painting – is the art to depict by paints the objects on the surface, in order to make an impression on the audience, akin to what he would have received from the real objects of nature, and using the character of the depicted objects to evoke in the spectator a certain mood or to express any artistic idea.

Painting – is a very ancient art that passed during centuries the evolution of rock paintings of Paleolithic to the styles of painting of XX century. In ancient times arose the desire to reproduce the real world the way that a person saw. That is what caused the emergence of the principles of chiaroscuro, the elements of perspective, the emergence of space-spatial pictorial pictures. Painting of Middle Ages has predominantly a religious content. It featured with a loud expression, mostly of local colors, expressive contours. Forms of medieval painting are flat, stylized, abstract background, often golden; sometimes there are conventional methods of modeling the volume, as if acting on the picturesque plane, devoid of depth.

In the era of Renaissance the sense of harmony of the universe, anthropocentrism reflected in the oil paintings on religious and mythological subjects, portraits, social and historical scenes. Painting fashioned a science-based system of linear and aerial perspective, chiaroscuro. The sense of harmony of the universe, the obsession with the freshness of some bright parts of life, interest in the real personality, the spiritual activity of images are characteristic for the compositions on religious and mythological subjects, portraits, social and historical scenes, pictures of nudes.

The development of European painting in the 17-18 centuries is complicated, national schools appear, each of them has its own traditions and peculiarities. In 19 century art has played an active role in public life, differ with strong interest in the dramatic events of history and modernity. The technique of oil painting becomes bright individual, gradually losing its inherent earlier thoroughness, rigorous systematic, multi-layer. It is reduced the strength of paintings (to the spread of new paints of factory production instead of the previously manual preparation of paints contributed to it); palette expands (it is created new pigments and binders.

At the end of 19-20 centuries in worldwide the development of painting becomes particularly complex and controversial. At the same time there are realistic and modernist trends. It is born abstract painting (the avant-garde, abstractionism, underground), which marked the abandonment of depiction and active expression of the artist’s personal attitude to the world, emotionality and conventionality of colors, exaggeration and geometrization of forms, decorative and associativity of composite solutions.

In the 20 century the search for new colors and technical means to create paintings continues. This will lead to the emergence of new styles in painting, but the oil painting is still one of the most respected techniques of painters. Painting is adjacent to the plastic arts, including architecture, sculpture. It may participate in the formation of both artificial and natural environment.

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